Autochthonous Gnathostomiasis, Brazil

1. Kamar N, Bendall R, Legrand-Abravanel F, Xia NS, Ijaz S, Izopet J, et al. Hepatitis E. Lancet. 2012;379:2477–88. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61849-7 2. Said B, Ijaz S, Kafatos G, Booth L, Thomas HL, Walsh A, et al. Hepatitis E outbreak on cruise ship. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:1738–44. http://dx.doi. org/10.3201/eid1511.091094 3. McCreary C, Martelli F, Grierson S, Ostanello F, Nevel A, Banks M. Excretion of hepatitis E virus by pigs of different ages and its presence in slurry stores in the United Kingdom. Vet Rec. 2008;163:261– 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.163.9.261 4. Emerson SU, Arankalle VA, Purcell RH. Thermal stability of hepatitis E virus. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:930–3. http://dx.doi. org/10.1086/432488 5. Lowther JA, Gustar NE, Powell AL, Hartnell RE, Lees DN. A two-year systematic study to assess norovirus contamination in oysters from commercial harvesting areas in the United Kingdom. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78:5812–7. 6. Baker K, Morris J, McCarthy N, Saldana L, Lowther J, Collinson A, et al. An outbreak of norovirus infection linked to oyster consumption at a UK restaurant, February 2010. J Public Health (Oxf). 2011;33:205–11. 7. McLeod C, Hay B, Grant C, Greening G, Day D. Inactivation and elimination of human enteric viruses by Pacifi c oysters. J Appl Microbiol. 2009;107:1809–18. h t tp : / / dx .do i .o rg /10 .1111 / j . 13652672.2009.04373.x 8. Erker JC, Desai SM, Mushahwar IK. Rapid detection of hepatitis E virus RNA by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction using universal oligonucleotide primers. J Virol Methods. 1999;81:109– 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934 (99)00052-X 9. Li TC, Miyamura T, Takeda N. Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA from the bivalve Yamato-Shijimi (Corbicula japonica) in Japan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;76:170– 2. 10. Shuval H. Estimating the global burden of thalassogenic diseases: human infectious diseases caused by wastewater pollution of the marine environment. J Water Health. 2003;1:53–64.